PSG has now secured the prestigious trophy on fourteen different occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a comfortable win in the match featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger found the net early on.
However, Marseille struck twice in the closing moments to seize a surprise advantage. First, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital leveler in the dying seconds to send the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving crucial kicks from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for PSG to complete a convincing penalty victory.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now won this competition for the twelfth time in the last thirteen seasons.